7 February: Laura Ingalls Wilder Quotes

10 Laura Ingalls Wilder quotes on the anniversary of her birth. She was born in 1867 and is famous for writing Little House on the Prarie.

1. The true way to live is to enjoy every moment as it passes, and surely it is in the everyday things around us that the beauty of life lies.

2. If enough people think of a thing and work hard enough at it, I guess it's pretty nearly bound to happen, wind and weather permitting.

3. Home is the nicest word there is.

4. A good laugh overcomes more difficulties and dissipates more dark clouds than any other one thing.

5. Some old-fashioned things like fresh air and sunshine are hard to beat.

6. It is not the things you have that make you happy. It is love and kindness and helping each other and just plain being good.

7. It does not so much matter what happens. It is what one does when it happens that really counts.

8. Remember me with smiles and laughter, for that is how I'll remember you all. If you can only remember me with tears, then don't remember me at all.

9. The wilderness needs your whole attention.

10. In order to thoroughly enjoy anything, one must feel the absence of it at times.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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6 February: Ronald Reagan Quotes

Former actor and US President Ronald Reagan was born on this date in 1911. 10 quotes from him:

1. Live simply, love generously, care deeply, speak kindly, leave the rest to God.

2. The nine most terrifying words in the English language are "I'm from the government, and I'm here to help."

3. It's hard, when you're up to your armpits in alligators, to remember you came here to drain the swamp.

4. The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things.

5. Never let the things you can't do, stop you from doing what you can.

6. Evil is powerless if the good are unafraid.

7. Many a man has failed because he had his wishbone where his backbone should have been.

8. We can't help everyone, but everyone can help someone.

9. Every new day begins with possibilities.

10. Nothing lasts longer than a temporary government program.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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5 February: Sir Robert Peel

Sir Robert Peel, Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was born on this date in 1788. 10 facts about him:

1. Robert Peel was born in Bury, Lancashire. His father was a wealthy cotton mill owner. Peel was educated at Harrow and Oxford. He graduated with a double first in 1808.

2. His ambitious father was keen for him to do well in the political arena and bought him his Commons seat. It’s said that he told him, “Bob, you dog, if you do not become Prime Minister someday I’ll disinherit you”.

3. He served as MP for several constituencies including including that of Oxford University; but his first election win was for Cashel, Tipperary, just a year after he graduated, in 1809. His maiden speech in the Commons went down extremely well, famously described by the Speaker of the House of Commons as “the best first speech since that of William Pitt”.

4. He married Julia Floyd in 1820. She was the daughter of General Sir John Floyd, 1st Baronet, and his first wife Rebecca Darke. They had seven children.

5. He became Home Secretary in 1822 and it was in this post that he made extensive reforms to the prison and legal system, including creating the Metropolitan Police. This is why police officers are sometimes known as “bobbies” or “peelers.”

6. He was invited to become prime minister by King William IV after Earl Grey resigned in 1834. Peel turned the job down at first, but changed his mind and accepted when the king asked him again in 1835. Confident the voters were behind him, he called an election, but didn’t win the large majority he’d hoped for.

7. He was known to change his mind on a few things during his career. He opposed Catholic emancipation for 20 years, but was then persuaded it might not be such a bad idea if civil unrest was the alternative; so he pushed the Catholic Emancipation Bill through Parliament. During Earl Grey’s administration, he argued against parliamentary reform to no avail: the Reform Act was passed in 1832. When running for election in Tamworth, however, he came out in support of it.

8. As PM, he brought in the Mines Act of 1842, which forbade the employment of women and children in mines; the Factory Act 1844, which improved conditions for women and children working in factories. He also repealed the Corn Laws in 1846, which banned the import of cheap foreign grain. This was unpopular with rich landowners, of course, but there were humanitarian reasons to piss them off. The potato famine was raging in Ireland at the time, and there was not enough grain to send to Ireland to feed people. The public supported the move but the wealthy people didn’t (surprise surprise, things haven’t changed much) and the debate lasted 5 months. Although Peel won the vote on the Corn Laws, there were other votes the same day which he lost, and so he decided to resign for good.

9. Peel was the first British prime minister to be photographed while in office. He is featured on the cover of The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album.

10. Peel was thrown from his horse while riding on Constitution Hill in London on 29 June 1850. The horse stumbled on top of him, and he died three days later at the age of 62 due to complications from a broken collarbone.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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4 February: Charles Lindberg Quotes

Captain Charles Lindberg, US pioneer aviator was born on this date in 1902. 10 things he said:

1. I don't believe in taking unnecessary risks, but a life without risk isn't worth living.

2. Success is not measured by what a man accomplishes, but by the opposition he has encountered and the courage with which he has maintained the struggle against overwhelming odds.

3. God made life simple. It is man who complicates it.

4. Science, freedom, beauty, adventure: what more could you ask of life?

5. Real freedom lies in wildness, not in civilization.

6. I know there is infinity beyond ourselves. I wonder if there is infinity within.

7. Life is like a landscape. You live in the midst of it but can describe it only from the vantage point of distance.

8. Life is a culmination of the past, an awareness of the present, an indication of a future beyond knowledge, the quality that gives a touch of divinity to matter.

9. I have seen the science I worshipped, and the aircraft I loved, destroying the civilization I expected them to serve.

10. If I had to choose, I would rather have birds than airplanes.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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3 February: 34

Today is 34 of 2026. Here are 10 fun facts about the number 34.

1. 34 is the atomic number of selenium, a chemical element with the symbol Se.

2. 34+35 (pronounced "thirty-four thirty-five") is a song by American singer-songwriter Ariana Grande, released on November 3, 2020.

3. +34 is the international calling code for Spain.

4. 34 Circe is a large main-belt asteroid discovered by French astronomer J. Chacornac in 1855, and named after Circe, the bewitching queen of Aeaea island in Greek mythology.

5. The A34 is a major road in England. It runs from Winchester in Hampshire to Salford, close to Manchester City Centre.

6. 34 is the sum of the first two perfect numbers 6 + 28.

7. 34 is a "magic number" in nuclear physics, the number of protons or neutrons that gives an atom a large amount of stability.

8. London bus route 34 runs from Barnet High Street/Barnet Church To: Walthamstow Bus Station.

9. Miracle on 34th Street is a 1947 film starring Maureen O'Hara and John Payne, directed by George Seaton. A man hired to play Santa at a department store claims to be the real Santa Claus.

10. In numerology this number resonates with inner wisdom. A person under its influence will prefer to look inwards for solutions. These people will also be highly intelligent and creative.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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2 February: Commander Data

Born this date in 1949 was Brent Spiner, the actor best known as android Lieutenant Commander Data in Star Trek: the Next Generation. 10 things you might not know about his character.

1. Data is a self-aware, sapient, sentient and anatomically fully functional male android, the fifth of six known androids designed by Dr. Noonien Soong. Who built his androids to look like him, so he and Lore, Data’s older brother, could all be portrayed by Brent Spiner.

2. Androids may not age, but actors do, so it was written into Data’s back story that Soong created him to age at the same rate as a human.

3. He was the sole survivor on a planet called Omicron Theta after an attack from the Crystalline Entity, a creature which converts life forms to energy for sustenance. He was deactivated before the attack in the year 2336 and was discovered there by Starfleet in 2338, and re-activated. Data attended Starfleet Academy from 2341 to 2345, studying mechanics and exobiology. He served aboard the USS Trieste before being assigned to the Enterprise under Captain Jean-Luc Picard in 2364.

4. What is he made of? A fan website called Memory Alpha lists his components thus: “24.6 kilograms of tripolymer composites, 11.8 kilograms of molybdenum-cobalt alloys and 1.3 kilograms of bioplast sheeting.” His skull is made from cortenide and duranium. His ultimate storage capacity is eight hundred quadrillion bits (100 petabytes) and a total computational speed of sixty trillion operations per second. He is ambidextrous and could, if he wanted to, paint a picture with his left and right hand at the same time. In the show, however, he appears to favour his left hand, as Spiner is Left-handed. Data blinks at random, like a human, thanks to a Fourier series. His genitals are fully functional so he could perform as a sex robot, although he’s not programmed to enjoy the sex act as a human male would. He can fall 11.75 meters without damaging himself.

5. He doesn’t need to eat or sleep, although he sometimes does in order to appear more human. As he has no sense of taste, Data often wouldn’t bother eating. He can’t get drunk on alcohol, but components in his processing systems can be similarly disrupted by polywater. He doesn’t need to breathe, either. He could survive in space and underwater, as shown in one episode when he attempts to swim while out sailing on a lake with Geordi La Forge. His body was too dense for him to Swim – he sank to the bottom and had to walk along the bed of the lake to the shore. It took nearly two weeks to get the water out of Data's systems, but he survived the experience.

6. Data doesn’t remember much about his early life as his memories were wiped. In one episode, he meets his “mother” Juliana Tainer, and she fills him in on some of them, such as the fact that he didn’t like wearing clothes in the early days and would walk around naked since he wasn’t affected by heat or cold. The Soongs wrote him a ‘modesty subroutine’ to correct this behaviour after people in the colony complained.

7. Eric Menyuk, Mark Lindsay Chapman, Kevin Peter Hall, and Kelvin Han Yee were all considered for the role before Brent Spiner was cast. He used the character of Robby the Robot from the film Forbidden Planet as a role model while researching the role.

8. Data can be turned off. There is an on/off switch just below his right shoulder blade. Very few of his crewmates know this: Captain Picard, Dr. Beverly Crusher, and counselor Deanna Troi.

9. Data has a pet Cat called Spot. In Star Trek: Picard, his memories of Spot are the last ones that Data "surrenders" to Lore.

10. Spiner has said that his favourite scene as Data was the one where he played poker on the holodeck with a re-creation of Stephen Hawking, in which Hawking played himself.

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1 February: Muriel Spark Quotes

Muriel Spark, Scottish novelist whose books include The Comforters. The Ballad of Peckham Rye, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, was born this date in 1918. 10 quotes:

1. She wasn't a person to whom things happen. She did all the happenings.

2. Ridicule is the only honourable weapon we have left.

3. A rebellion against a tyrant is only immoral when it hasn't got a chance.

4. You look for one thing and you find another.

5. To me education is a leading out of what is already there in the pupil's soul.

6. One's prime is elusive. You little girls, when you grow up, must be on the alert to recognise your prime at whatever time of your life it may occur. You must then live it to the full.

7. Frankness is usually a euphemism for rudeness.

8. For those who like that sort of thing, that is the sort of thing they like.

9. I am a hoarder of two things: documents and trusted friends.

10. You're only as young as the last time you changed your mind.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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31 January: Apollo 14

On this date in 1971, Apollo 14 launched. 10 facts about this mission.

1. This was the eighth time humans flew in the Apollo program and the third time astronauts landed on the Moon. The astronauts landed on the Moon on 5 February.

2. The primary objectives of Apollo 14 were to explore the Fra Mauro region, which was what Apollo 13 was supposed to do, and to set up scientific experiments including a seismometer to measure "moonquakes" and study the Moon's interior and instruments to measure solar wind, the Moon's atmosphere and its magnetic field.

3. The Lunar Module was called Antares and the Command Module, Kitty Hawk.

4. Apollo 14’s crew were: Alan B. Shepard Jr., Commander; Edgar D. Mitchell, Lunar Module Pilot; and Stuart A. Roosa, Command Module Pilot. Shepherd had been the first American in space and was also the oldest person to walk on the Moon, at the age of 47.

5. Stuart Roosa took hundreds of tree seeds along. The seeds orbited the Moon with him in Kitty Hawk. Back on Earth, the seeds were planted in locations around the world and the resulting trees are known as “Moon Trees”.

6. The astronauts collected 93.2 pounds (42.3 kg) of Moon rocks and soil. One of the rocks they brought back was "Big Bertha" and was one of the largest Moon rocks brought back to Earth.

7. This mission was the first to use a Modularized Equipment Transporter (MET), nicknamed the “rickshaw”, which had wheels and resembled a wheelbarrow.

8. Another innovation was distinguishing marks on an astronaut’s space suit. It had been hard to tell which Apollo 12 astronaut was which in the hundreds of photographs taken on the Moon’s surface, so NASA decided that Shepard would wear a space suit with Red stripes at the knees and shoulders and a red stripe on the helmet. Had Apollo 13 reached the Moon, they would have used the same system.

9. In was on this mission that Golf was first played on the Moon, by Alan Shepherd. He hit two balls using a specially adapted club. The first golf ball travelled about 200 yards, the second about 400 yards.

10. Apollo 14 splashed down on 9 February after a mission which had lasted 9 Days, 0 Hours, 1 Minute and 57 Seconds.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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30 January: Franklin D Roosevelt Quotes

Franklin D Roosevelt was born on this date in 1882. 10 quotes from him:

1. We must especially beware of that small group of selfish men who would clip the wings of the American Eagle in order to feather their own nests.

2. Human kindness has never weakened the stamina or softened the fibre of a free people. A nation does not have to be cruel to be tough.

3. Do Something. If it works, do more of it. If it doesn't, do something else.

4. Repetition does not transform a lie into a truth.

5. In politics, nothing happens by accident. If it happens, you can bet it was planned that way.

6. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.

7. Calm seas never made a good sailor.

8. Never underestimate a man who overestimates himself.

9. It is better to swallow words than to have to eat them later.

10. What America needs now is a drink.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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29 January: Sudoku

Today is National Puzzle Day, so here are ten things you might not know about a popular kind of puzzle, Sudoku.

1. The word comes from the Japanese name for the puzzle as it appeared in the paper Monthly Nikolist in April 1984, which was “Sūji wa dokushin ni kagiru” meaning "the digits must be single". “Dokushin” means an "unmarried person" in Japanese. This was later abbreviated to Sudoku.

2. Puzzles of this type have been around since the 19^th century, albeit in slightly different formats. A French newspaper published a puzzle which was a 9×9 magic square with 3×3 subsquares and numbers missing as early as 1892. Unlike sudoku, however, this puzzle contained double digit numbers and required mathematical ability to solve (Sudoku, despite using numbers, is actually a logic puzzle rather than a maths one). In 1895, another French newspaper published a puzzle called carré magique diabolique ("diabolical magic square") in which each row, column and diagonal contained the digits 1 to 9, but didn’t have subsquares.

3. The US was publishing sudoku puzzles from 1979, thus beating Japan to it, in a publication called Dell Pencil Puzzles and Word Games. It appeared in this magazine as “Number Place”. We don’t know for certain who the inventor was, but using logic based on which contributor’s name always appeared in issues containing a Number Place and didn’t in issues without one. That method points to one Howard Garns, a retired architect and freelance puzzle compiler from Connersville, Indiana. Sadly, he died in 1989 and didn’t live to see his puzzles absolutely everywhere.

4. The first newspaper outside of Japan to publish a Sudoku puzzle was The Conway Daily Sun (New Hampshire), which published a puzzle by Wayne Gould in September 2004. Gould was a judge based in Hong Kong who came across a partially completed sudoku in a bookshop while visiting Japan. He produced a computer programme to make the puzzles and began pitching them to Newspapers.

5. The first UK newspaper to pick up sudoku was The Times on 12 November 2004. The very next day The Times published its first letter about the puzzle, from one Ian Payn of Brentford, who complained that the puzzle was so absorbing it caused him to miss his stop on the tube.

6. The minimum number of clues for a Sudoku puzzle to have a unique solution is 17.

7. There are 6,670,903,752,021,072,936,960 possible Sudoku grid configurations.

8. It has been made into a game show. The first sudoku themed game show was broadcast on Sky One in 2005. Hosted by Carol Vorderman (who else?) and featured nine teams of nine people, including one celebrity from different regions of the UK competing to solve a puzzle. Later in 2005, The BBC launched SUDO-Q, a game show that combined Sudoku with general knowledge, although it used smaller grids of 4x4 and 6x6. Since 2006 there has been an annual World Sudoku Championship. The first was held in Italy and was won by Junichi Tanaka from Japan.

9. Japan has a sudoku themed museum, "Sudoku Kaikan," which is dedicated to the history and culture of Sudoku; and a theme park, "Sudokuland," which has a Sudoku-themed roller coaster and a Sudoku-themed maze among its attractions.

10. Some sudoku records: The fastest recorded time to solve a Sudoku puzzle was set in November 2018, by Wang Shiyao who completed a standard 9×9 Sudoku grid in just 54.44 seconds. The largest Sudoku puzzle had a grid size of 9,999 x 9,999 and was created by researchers at the University of Liverpool. It needed a computer to solve it and even so took over 100 hours to solve.

See also: Crosswords

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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28 January: Carl Name Day

If your name is Carl, or Karl, today is your name day.

This name comes from Old High German, meaning 'man, husband, freeman'. The name is a variant of the English Charles, and the Latin Carolus. 10 famous people with this name:

1. Karl Marx: German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto.

2. Carl Linnaeus: Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms.

3. Carl Jung: Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist, founder of analytical psychology.

4. Carl Rogers: American psychologist who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology and was known especially for his person-centered psychotherapy.

5. Karl Lagerfeld: German fashion designer.

6. Carl Orff: German composer and music educator, who composed the cantata Carmina Burana.

7. Carl Sagan (pictured): American astronomer, planetary scientist and science communicator. His best known scientific contribution is his research on the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

8. Carl Wilson: American musician and lead guitar player for The Beach Boys.

9. Carl Douglas: Jamaican musician who wrote the disco song Kung Fu Fighting.

10. Carl Benz: German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent-Motorwagen from 1885 is considered the first practical, modern automobile and the first car to be put into series production.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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27 January: Heartbreak Hotel

On this date in 1956 Elvis Presley released Heartbreak Hotel. 10 facts about the song:

1. Heartbreak Hotel was written by was written by Mae Boren Axton and Tommy Durden. In a 1982 interview, Durden said this song "has paid the rent for more than 20 years." Elvis was also given a writing credit, as requested by his manager, meaning Elvis got a third of the royalties.

2. It was the first song Elvis recorded for his new record label RCA Victor. He was 21 years old when it was released.

3. The B-side was I Was the One.

4. The official story about what inspired the song was that the idea came from an article in the Miami Herald about a man who’d destroyed all his identity papers and jumped to his death from a hotel window. His suicide note read, "I walk a lonely street". However. Songfacts.com tried in vain to find the article or any evidence this actually happened, and found none. They concluded it was an urban legend. It could, therefore, have originated with a painter and criminal called Alvin Krolik, whose marriage had failed, and who wrote his autobiography including the line "This is the story of a person who walked a lonely street."

5. The song was offered to The Wilburn Brothers, a country music duo. They turned it down because they thought it was "strange and almost morbid."

6. Presley, however, loved it. Axton played him a demo in his room at the Andrew Jackson Hotel in November 1955, and he said, "Hot dog, Mae, play that again!" and proceeded to listen to it ten times.

7. Elvis first performed this song live in December 1955, telling club owner Rob King, "This is gonna be my first hit." He was right – it earned Elvis his first Gold record for sales of over one million singles.

8. When Bill Clinton played the Saxophone on The Arsenio Hall Show as part of his presidential campaign, he played Heartbreak Hotel.

9. Lynyrd Skynyrd released an acoustic version on their album Endangered Species.

10. For a time, there was a real "Heartbreak Hotel" located across the street from Graceland in Memphis, with '50s decor and framed photos of Elvis. One of the suites was named the Burning Love Suite. It has closed down, however.

I also write novels and short stories. If you like superheroes, psychic detectives and general weirdness you might enjoy them. 

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26 January: Douglas MacArthur

Douglas MacArthur was an American general who served as a top commander during World War II and the Korean War, achieving the rank of General of the Army. He was born on this date in 1880.

1. Douglas MacArthur was born in Little Rock, Arkansas and was the youngest of three sons born to Arthur MacArthur, Jr., who’d fought in the US civil war for the Union, and Mary “Pinky” Hardy, daughter of a Cotton merchant whose brothers fought for the Confederacy.

2. As a military family the MacArthurs moved to various military posts across the United States. MacArthur recorded in his memoirs that “I learned to ride and shoot even before I could read or write—indeed, almost before I could walk and talk." While at the same time, his mother dressed him in skirts and kept his hair curly and long until he was eight!

3. MacArthur attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and graduated in 1903 with the highest honours in his class.

4. He was then commissioned as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. His first duty assignment was to the Philippines.

5. On his return to the US, he served as an aide to President Theodore Roosevelt for a while, then got posted to Vera Cruz in Mexico. His mission there was to venture into enemy territory to locate locomotives that the army could commandeer to transport troops and supplies. MacArthur and his guides were attacked by bandits several times. On one occasion MacArthur killed seven attackers with just a .38 calibre revolver, while escaping with no more than four bullet holes in his clothes. This got him nominated for the Medal of Honor, but it was denied.

6. He married twice. His first wife was Louise Cromwell Brooks, a wealthy socialite. She hated army life, however, and they divorced, citing his inability to provide for her, although she was rich enough to move into an entire floor of a hotel, clearly perfectly capable of providing for herself! In 1937, MacArthur married Jean Marie Faircloth, another wealthy socialite, but she must have been more favourably disposed to army life as they stayed together until MacArthur died. They had a son, Arthur IV.

7. He was living in the Philippines with his family when the US entered world war II. The Japanese didn’t just attack Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, they also attacked the Philippines. MacArthur found himself in charge of the defence of the Philippines against a Japanese invasion. While he managed to hold off the invasion for a while, it did happen eventually and he led the resistance of the US forces on Bataan Peninsula and the Island of Corregidor.

8. In 1932, a group of veterans calling themselves the "Bonus Army" marched to Washington. MacArthur supported them at first, supplying them with food and tents, but then President Herbert Hoover ordered MacArthur to "surround the affected area and clear it without delay". As clashes between demonstrators and the army go, it was relatively non-violent, despite the opposing groups facing each other down with bayonets, sabres, Bricks and rocks. They were cleared out using tear gas and the only casualty was someone killed by a fire started by the gas canisters. This event made MacArthur unpopular with the American people but the right wing republicans loved him for it.

9. After the war, he was placed in charge of the administration of the Occupation of Japan, and helped to rebuild the country. In spite of everything he was quite popular with the Japanese people, as he refused American pressure to strip Emperor Hirohito of his throne and gave women the vote. He also made sure that food and supplies were sent to Japan.

10. It seemed he didn’t always get on well with the presidents he worked with. He had a flaming row with Roosevelt over cuts to the army, but Roosevelt refused to accept his resignation. The argument was apparently so volatile that MacArthur left the White House and puked on the front steps. It was President Truman who eventually fired him in 1951 for insubordination and differences of opinion over the Korean war. He returned to the US for the first time since he married Jean – their 13 year old son, Arthur, had never visited the US. He gave a parting speech to Congress which became famous as his “Old Soldiers Never Die” speech. It went on for much longer than the 36 minutes it would have taken to say the words, because it was interrupted at least 50 times by applause and standing ovations.

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25 January: Robert Boyle

Born on this date in 1627 was Robert Boyle, the Irish scientist known for the formulation of Boyle's law. 10 facts about Robert Boyle:

1. He was born in County Waterford, South East Ireland. His father was Richard Boyle and his mother was Catherine Fenton, daughter of Geoffrey Fenton, secretary of state for Ireland. He was their 14^th child and seventh son. Richard Boyle was the 1st earl of Cork and a very wealthy man, sometimes described as the “first colonial millionaire”.

2. Boyle attended Eton between the ages of eight and eleven after which he was tutored at the earl’s English base, Stalbridge House. He was also sent on a grand tour of Europe with his brother, Francis and a tutor, Isaac Marcombes.

3. After spending time travelling and studying in Europe he returned to England and settled in Dorset for a few years before moving to Oxford, where he employed one Robert Hooke as his assistant. Together they created the vacuum chamber or air-pump, the best known piece of equipment associated with Boyle.

4. At a time when the “truth” would be arrived at by philosophical discussion by intellectuals, Boyle favoured finding things out by experiments, and observing what actually happened. He was the first prominent scientist to perform controlled experiments and publish his work.

5. He is best known for Boyle's Law. This law states that if the volume of a gas is decreased, the pressure increases proportionally. His conjecture from observing this was that gases must be made of tiny particles. He defined the modern idea of an 'element', as well as introducing many chemical tests still used as standards today, including the litmus test.

6. He wasn’t the first to notice the relationship between pressure and volume. Other scientists called Richard Towneley and Henry Power had already noted it, but it was Boyle who did the experiments to prove it and published his findings in 1662. In 1697 a French physicist called Edme Mariotte discovered the same law independent of Boyle, so you might hear Boyle’s Law referred to as Mariotte’s law.

7. He made a “wish list” of things he would like to see invented. His list included: the "art of flying", "perpetual light", "making armour light and extremely hard", "a ship to sail with all winds, and a ship not to be sunk", "practicable and certain way of finding longitudes", "potent drugs to alter or exalt imagination, waking, memory and other functions and appease pain, procure innocent sleep, harmless Dreams, etc." and curing disease by transplantation. Most of the items on his list came true.

8. He was a devout Anglican as well as a scientist. Science, to him, was all about understanding God by studying His creation and was therefore an important religious duty. Unlike most scientists today, he believed religion and science supported each other. As well as his scientific writings, he wrote religious tracts. He even considered taking holy orders in order to take up an offer of the provostship of Eton College, but declined, because he felt that his writings on religious subjects would have greater weight coming from a layman. As director of the East India Company, he sponsored many religious missions, and funded the translation of The Bible into several languages. He even turned down the presidency of the Royal Society in London that he’d helped create because he would be required to swear an oath which went against his beliefs.

9. He never married. He had a close relationship with his sister, Katherine, Vicountess Ranelagh, and lived with her in her house in Pall Mall, London, later in his life. She was interested in science, too, and by all accounts helped him considerably with his work, contributing ideas and editing manuscripts, possibly even writing some of her own. Her contribution was acknowledged at the time, but was later played down and virtually erased by historians.

10. Boyle only survived his sister by a week. His health had never been good, and when she died, he became ill and soon followed. He was 64 years old. He left his papers to the Royal Society and also money to establish a series of lectures in defence of Christianity. These lectures, known as the Boyle Lectures, continue to this day.

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